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Anthony Hopkins and Banks Repeta in Armageddon Time.

James Gray’s Armageddon Time is a semi-autofictional story of a sixth-grader named Paul (Banks Repeta) growing up in Queens in the 1980s who, after some trouble in his public school, ends up at a private academy at the behest of his grandfather (Anthony Hopkins). A jolt of a cameo with political implications appears midway through — I don’t want to ruin it — but the film’s broader aim is to excavate the layers of privilege that the protagonist, whose ancestors fled the Holocaust, is slowly coming to realize. Paul’s family is navigating the gluey border between being the target of anti-Semitism and enjoying the opportunities and social standing that their Black neighbors will never have. Meanwhile, Paul is caught between his left-leaning family and the children at his new school who casually drop racial slurs, or pump fists and chant “Reagan! Reagan!” at the mention of an upcoming election. It’s a truly poignant, troubling, and ultimately brilliant work of memory and self-implication.

How to watch it: Focus Features will open Armageddon Time in the US later this year.

Aftersun

A youngish man and his 11-year-old 
daughter sit together on a couch, looking tired. A24
Frankie Coreo and Paul Mescal in Aftersun.

One of the festival’s breakout hits is Aftersun, from first-time director Charlotte Wells and starring Normal People heartthrob Paul Mescal. In the 1990s, 11-year-old Sophie (first-timer Francesca Corio) is on holiday with her father, Calum (Mescal), and for a long time Aftersun seems like it’s merely the memories of a happy childhood. But we slowly come to realize that we’re seeing those memories as an older Sophie tries to process her relationship with her father, who, while loving and supportive, is fighting his own demons. Reminiscent of Joanna Hogg’s Souvenir movies, Aftersun is directed with a sure hand and immense empathy by Wells. We’re all just trying to do our best; what is left in Sophie’s memories is immense grace.

How to watch it: A24 will release Aftersun in the US.

Broker

 Neon
Song Kang-Ho in Broker.

Hirokazu Kore-eda won the coveted Palme d’Or with his devastating 2018 drama Shoplifters. Now he’s returned with Broker, another gentle story about people on society’s margins — one that packs a considerable emotional punch. The story starts when young mother So-young (Lee Ji-eun) drops off her infant son at a church in a “baby box.” Two detectives observe the action, but more importantly, so do Dong-soo (Gang Dong-won) and Sang-hyun (Parasite star Song Kang-ho), who work under the radar as adoption brokers on the Korean “gray market.” Broker is sentimental and sweet, often funny, and a lighter take on Kore- eda’s ongoing project of exploring chosen families.

How to watch it: Neon will release Broker in the US.

Close

Two young boys. A24
Eden Dambrine and Gustav De Waele in Close.

An unspeakably tender story about young friendship and grief, Lukas Dhont’s Close is the story of Rémi (Gustav De Waele) and Leo (an extraordinary Eden Dambrine), two young teens who have been best friends since childhood. They spend nights at one another’s house and say they are closer than brothers. But when Leo is made to feel self-conscious about their relationship by classmates, who ask if they are a couple, he starts to push Rémi away, and Rémi’s reaction leads to tragedy. Incredibly understated and finely realized, Close makes use of silence and nearly imperceptible facial expression to follow Leo through the months that follow, exploring the kinds of emotions and desires that young teens often feel but rarely understand. It’s an elegant, beautiful, moving film.

How to watch it: A24 will release Close in the US.

Decision to Leave

the faces of a man and a woman. Cannes Film Festival

Park Hae-il and Tang Wei in Decision to Leave.

Park Chan- wook (Oldboy, The Handmaiden) brings his rich imagination and lush, masterful sensibility to film noir with Decision to Leave, a twisty thriller with nods to Hitchcock but certainly in a mystery-movie class all its own. It’s a kind of “black widow” story, centering on Hae-joon (Park Hae-il), a detective in Busan. He stumbles into a case involving Seo-rae (Tang Wei), who is a Chinese immigrant, newly widowed, and the prime suspect in the murder of her husband. Nothing is naturalistic about Park’s editing, which fades from timeline to timeline and often puts us inside Hae-joon’s head; we’re trying as hard to follow what’s going on as he is. And in the end, it becomes a swoony romance with a gloriously sharp edge.

How to watch it: Decision to Leave is awaiting US distribution.

Funny Pages

A teenager in a comics store. A24
Daniel Zolghadri in Funny Pages.

A gritty little delight of a film, Funny Pages is the tale of teenaged cartoonist and comics obsessive Robert (Daniel Zolghadri), who isn’t interested in his parents’ college plans for him. All he wants is to draw — specifically, draw the kind of underground R. Crumb-style alt-comics that don’t make much money. He rents a room in a seventh-circle-of-hell-style basement apartment in Trenton, New Jersey, and picks up a job on the side; that’s how he meets Wallace (Matthew Maher), a strange guy who nonetheless had a mid-level job at a comics publisher that Robert worships. Their misadventures also function as a coming-of-age moment for Robert, who is staring down the barrel of the rest of his life and not seeing what he’d hope there. It’s a weird, smudgy, hilarious story from first-time feature director Owen Kline, and a grimy fun time.

How to watch it: A24 will release Funny Pages in the US.

God’s Creatures

A young man and his mother 
stand together, looking worried. A24
Paul Mescal and Emily Mortimer in God’s Creatures.

Anna Rose Holmer and Saela Davis (writer/director and editor, respectively, of The Fits) return to co-direct God’s Creatures, a harrowing and revealing story set in a small Irish fishing village. Troubled son Brian (Paul Mescal) returns home from years drifting abroad, to the delight of his mother, Aileen (Emily Watson), and the consternation of some others. He rekindles an acquaintance with old flame Sarah (Aisling Franciosi) and restarts the family oyster farm. But then he’s accused of sexual assault, and the small village — especially Aileen — is cast into turmoil. A carefully-tuned story about the complicated social dynamics that arise in close-knit communities, God’s Creatures is a sharp-edged acting showcase and a devastating exploration of how justice and love do, and don’t, exist alongside one another.

How to watch it: A24 will release God’s Creatures in the US.

One Fine Morning

An older 
man and his adult daughter sit together. Sony Pictures Classics

Pascal Greggory and Lea Seydoux in One Fine Morning.

Mia Hansen-Løve’s Bergman Island was my favorite film of 2021, so expectations ran high for One Fine Morning — and I was not disappointed. Sandra (a luminous Lea Seydoux) is a young widowed mother and a translator whose life is full with caring for her young daughter and her ill father, whose condition is rapidly deteriorating. Then Clement (Melvil Poupaud), a married astrophysicist and friend of her late husband, re-enters the picture, and life begins to overflow with love, and longing, and loss, and joy. Time, in One Fine Morning, passes like a poem or a song, a string of moments weighty with emotion. History and the future can’t be helped, so you have to hang on to the moment. It nearly brushes melodrama, but Seydoux’s performance anchors the film, ultimately rendering it a love letter to the present, and to the ways heartbreak and hope intertwine.

How to watch it: Sony Pictures Classics will release One Fine Morning in the US.

Return to Seoul

    <img alt="A young woman stands in Seoul at night." src="https://cdn.vox-

cdn.com/thumbor/Vo7Cp0SMoLyPBpPFkeXmMFpxCi4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox- cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23589655/returntoseoul.jpg" /> Sony Pictures Classics

Park Ji-min in Return to Seoul.

Return to Seoul is a stone-cold stunner. The drama centers on Freddie (fantastic newcomer Park Ji-min), born in Korea but adopted by French parents; at 25, she’s decided to visit the land of her birth for the first time. With confidence, director Davy Chou plumbs Freddie’s interior landscape — this isn’t about finding home so much as reckoning with the realization that you feel like you don’t have one. As we move with Freddie through her life’s evolutions, she continually refuses to conform to audience’s expectations. It’s the rhythm, the warp and woof of the film, that really makes it sing, the ways Freddie’s turmoil breaks the surface at unexpected moments, capturing a difficult experience like lightning in a bottle.

How to watch it: Sony Pictures Classics will release Return to Seoul in the US.

R.M.N.

A man 
crouches with a gun, his young son looking on. IFC Films
In R.M.N., xenophobia threatens to destroy a community.

With films like 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days and Graduation, Cristian Mungiu is the reigning king of the Romanian New Wave. His latest, R.M.N. (named for the Romanian abbreviation for a brain-scanning MRI), is a rigorous, naturalistic, and devastating cross-section of xenophobia. Set in a Romanian town in which the local bakery is planning to employ immigrants, it’s certainly about a particular time and place. But it’s hard to ignore that the sentiments expressed by the townspeople about the outsiders — anchored in a long, barn-burning scene at a town meeting — are being echoed in countries all over the world, including, indisputably, our own. It’s a must-see.

How to watch it: IFC Films will release R.M.N. in the US.

Showing Up

A woman works on sculptures. A24
Michelle Williams in Showing Up.

Showing Up is an absolute, wry joy of a little comedy about making art and living life. The film marks another collaboration between Kelly Reichardt, her longtime writing partner Jon Raymond, and Michelle Williams, who plays Lizzy, a stressed-out artist in Portland. Her hot water is broken. Her cat caught a bird in the night. Her parents are unruly and her brother is troubled, and meanwhile she’s trying to get ready for a solo show. The film feels pulled from familiar reality for anyone who’s ever tried to make creative work — and it’s quiet, clever, and a whole lot of fun.

How to watch it: A24 will release Showing Up in the US.

Three Thousand Years of Longing

That “stories are powerful” is such an oft-repeated axiom that it’s become banal. Yet George Miller (Mad Max: Fury Road, Babe: Pig in the City) finds new life for it in Three Thousand Years of Longing, a fairy tale for adults about how myths create meaning from madness and desire imparts bittersweet joy. Tilda Swinton stars as a lonely but content narratologist who accidentally lets loose a millennia-old djinn (Idris Elba) and breaks open something in her soul at the same time. The film draws on millennia of storytelling traditions (including, most obviously, Scheherazade’s), rendering it continually surprising. Sentimental, fantastical, and unabashedly moony, it’s a romance and a storytelling apologia all in one.

How to watch it: MGM will open Three Thousand Years of Longing in the US on August 31.

Tori et Lokita

A young boy and a young woman sing together. Cannes Film Festival
Pablo Schils and Mbundu Joely in Tori et Lokita.

Brothers Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne have made a long career of telling intimate stories from people marginalized by European society: drifters, strugglers, and, increasingly, immigrants. Their recent work, including Tori et Lokita, interrogates an uncomfortable truth — that the kindness of strangers and individual charity will never be enough to overcome inhumane and unjust systems that aim to divide societies and keep people in fear. Tori et Lokita follows a young woman (a terrific Mbundu Joely) and a boy (Pablo Schils) who have fought their way as undocumented immigrants into Belgium, where they team up to scrabble for a living and, they hope, gain papers that will make legal work possible. Things turn tragic, as they have for so many, and the conclusion is damning and biting: It’s not the people fighting for their life who are their problem, but the world in which their existence is rendered expendable.

How to watch it: Tori et Lokita is awaiting US distribution.

Triangle of Sadness

A ship’s captain drinks 
wine. Neon
Woody Harrelson in Triangle of Sadness.

Brace yourself. The latest satire from Swedish director Ruben Östlund (Force Majeure, The Square) is uproarious, bleak, drenched in bodily fluids, and practically emblazoned with “Eat the Rich” in neon lights. It starts, briefly, in the world of modeling (the “triangle of sadness” being an area between the brows often tinkered with by plastic surgeons), but soon we’re on a luxury yacht populated by the worst people in the world. From there, things go nuts. Triangle of Sadness draws on everything from Roman vomitoriums to Lord of the Flies, skewering with equal force those who make their money without scruples and those who lack the courage of their convictions to do anything about it. It’s frequently gross, blunt as a battering ram, and very, very 2022.

How to watch it: Neon will release Triangle of Sadness in the US.

Un Petit Frère

A mother with two young sons sits on a bus. Cannes Film Festival

Annabelle Lengronne, Sidy Fofana, and Milan Doucansi in Un Petit Frère.

In 1989, Rose (Annabelle Lengronne) moves from the Ivory Coast to France with two sons in tow, searching for more opportunities for them. But life takes many twists and turns. In Un Petit Frère, we watch as decades of their lives unfold, with Rose and, eventually, her children realizing that nothing in life is simple. And ultimately, the choices of mothers and older brothers shape the destiny of the youngest. Writer and director Leonor Serraille crafts a beautifully tender portrait of a family, a gentle meditation on the meanings of memories and how our pasts mold our presents and futures.

How to watch it: Un Petit Frère is awaiting US distribution.

The tragic mass shooting in Uvalde, Texas, last week renewed calls for stricter gun control legislation, after 19 children and two teachers were killed, and 17 others were injured in the attack. But conservatives and gun lobbyists argue the only way to solve the country’s epidemic of mass shootings is to put more guns in the hands of the public. Some have even called for arming teachers and school staff with firearms of their own.

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton was among the first Republican elected officials to call for arming educators following the school shooting in Uvalde.

“We can’t stop bad people from doing bad things. We can potentially arm and prepare and train teachers and other administrators to respond quickly,” Paxton said during an appearance on Fox News. Former President Donald Trump, speaking at this year’s NRA convention on Friday amid heavy pushback in the wake of the Uvalde shooting, also called for “highly trained teachers to safely and discreetly conceal carry” firearms in school.

The idea of training teachers, whose primary job is to educate students on lessons like math and English, as an extra security defense against potential school shooters is not new and such training programs have existed for years in some form in many states.

There is also little evidence to suggest arming school staff actually makes schools safer. On the contrary, school safety advocates warn about the potential risks of encouraging teachers to carry guns at school — increasing the number of guns in schools, even if they were put in the hands of responsible educators, may increase the likelihood of gun-related harm. Studies have also shown a direct correlation between the presence of guns and increased gun violence.

Proposals to arm school teachers and staff have not received much support from educators, either. A survey of more than 2,900 teachers across the country by a researcher at California State University found that 95.3% of respondents believed teachers should not be carrying guns in the classroom. The National Education Association, the largest labor union in the US representing 3 million educators, has also criticized suggestions to arm teachers as an antidote to America’s school shootings.

“Bringing more guns into schools makes schools more dangerous and does nothing to shield our students and educators from gun violence,” NEA President Becky Pringle told the Guardian. “We need fewer guns in schools, not more. Teachers should be teaching, not acting as armed security guards.”

Still, current debates over gun laws might just accelerate legislation in states where teachers and other school staff are already permitted — even encouraged — to carry guns inside the classroom.

Hundreds of school staff are already armed in the US

Texas Gov. Greg Abbott speaks and gestures in front of a 
microphone. Chandan Khanna/AFP via Getty Images

There are 256 school marshals across Texas. A program to train and allow teachers to carry firearms on school grounds was expanded under Gov. Greg Abbott.

In 2018, two high-profile school shootings in Parkland, Florida, and Santa Fe, Texas — both of which saw at least a dozen people killed or injured — prompted state-level lawmakers in 34 states and US territories to propose legislation targeted at arming school personnel.

According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, what followed was more than 100 pieces of legislation allowing for armed school teachers introduced by local lawmakers in the three years since the Parkland and Santa Fe shootings. While the majority of bills were not approved into law, over a third of these bills were introduced in the aftermath of the Parkland and Santa Fe shootings. Both Florida and Texas are among nine states where school staff (other than security) are exempt from firearms bans on K-12 school grounds.

Following the Santa Fe school shooting, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott expanded the state’s school marshals program which, since 2013, had allowed educators and school administrators to receive firearms training and a permit to carry their own guns on school grounds. Right now, there are about 256 school marshals across the state, according to the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement, which oversees the program.

In 2019, Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, who is expected to run for president in 2024, signed into law a measure enabling schools to arm their teachers, expanding on an already existing program in the state which had allowed school districts to partner with local sheriff’s offices to train their personnel in firearms.

According to the Florida Department of Education’s website, 45 out of the state’s 67 counties have participated in the “guardians” program. Some have called for the state to expand the program following the school shooting in Uvalde last week.

These firearms training programs for school staff were largely established in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting back in 2012. But so far the efficacy of these programs to deter gun violence has not been proven and school shootings have continued at an alarming rate: over 2,600 more mass shootings have happened since Sandy Hook.

There is no evidence supporting arguments from pro-gun lawmakers that training and equipping teachers with guns will make students safer. A 2019 study by researchers at the University of Toledo and Ball State University reviewed 18 years of US school security measures — including placing more armed teachers in school — and found no evidence of reduced gun violence.

Denise Gottfredson, a criminologist at the University of Maryland, called the policy of arming school personnel “ill-advised.” Beyond substantial research linking gun accessibility and increased gun violence, firearms brought into school by educators “might be fired accidentally, the teachers who carry them might deliberately use them for unintended purposes, and, even more likely, the guns might end up in the hands of students,” Gottfredson told Reuters.

Studies show more guns lead to more violence

A girl lays flowers at a makeshift memorial. Chandan Khanna/AFP via Getty Images

The Robb Elementary School shooting in Uvalde, Texas, has reignited debates around arming school teachers and staff.

The US is not the only country in the world where mass shootings have happened, but it is unique in how frequently these mass shootings occur within its borders.

In his widely-cited 2016 study, Adam Lankford, a professor at the University of Alabama, analyzed data on global mass shootings between 1966 and 2012 and found that 31 percent of perpetrators in mass shootings worldwide during that time were American.

Adjusting for variables, Lankford also found that a country’s rate of gun ownership correlated with the odds of it having mass shootings. When it comes to gun ownership, the US is practically in a league of its own: the US population only makes up less than 5 percent of the global population yet Americans account for about 45 percent of the world’s gun ownership. It is estimated that US civilians own a total of 393 million firearmsmeaning there are more guns in civilian hands than people.

Various other studies suggest guns don’t really deter crime and instead increase the likelihood of gun-related violence. In other words, more guns simply lead to more gun violence. In one study in 2015, for example, researchers at Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard University found that firearm assaults were 6.8 times more common in states with the most guns compared to states with the least. There’s also been research suggesting a significant association between access to firearms at home and the likelihood of residents being murdered, compared to households without guns.

Research related to firearms and young kids paints an even bleaker picture. According to the Gun Violence Archive, a nonprofit that tracks and publishes information on gun violence in the US, more than 650 minors were killed by guns so far this year, while more than 1,600 youths have suffered firearms-related injuries.

A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that, as of 2020, gun-related injuries were the leading cause of death of young Americans, outpacing car crashes as the previous lead cause. Internationally, the number of children killed by guns is 36.5 times higher in the US compared to other high-income countries like Sweden, Austria, and England.

But even with so much research and data pointing to various links between access to firearms and gun violence, there has not been much policy change when it comes to US gun laws. If anything, history shows firearms-related legislation has only gotten laxer, even when public opinion is overwhelmingly in favor of gun control legislation, which may be the biggest outlier of the US’s gun violence epidemic.

A holistic approach is needed to curb mass shootings, experts say

Looking at the evidence so far, it’s clear that a “hardening” of school security measures — focusing on surveillance, increasing police presence, and arming school staff with firearms — is not effective in curbing gun violence inside US schools. In fact, those kinds of investments, already the playbook response to past school shootings, have so far been ineffective.

Studies like the one from the University of Toledo show that schools face a litany of issues in trying to keep students safe and a multi-pronged approach that is not fixated on “beefing up” schools is needed if we are serious about improving school safety.

“It’s not just guns. It’s not just security,” Jagdish Khubchandani, a co-author of the study, told the Texas Tribune. “It’s a combination of issues, and if you have a piecemeal approach, then you’ll never succeed.”

In 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a report emphasizing the need for improving “school connectedness” among school-aged adolescents — basically, ensuring that students feel connected with their school community — as a way to improve students’ safety. Students who feel more connected to their schools, the report suggests, were more likely to engage in healthy behaviors and less likely to participate in violence.

Researchers and anti-gun violence advocates have long pushed for changes that go beyond guns and security guards. Instead of arming teachers with guns, providing schools support so they can improve the emotional well-being of their students may be a better approach to solving the country’s school shootings crisis.

Whatever the next big debate around gun regulations will be, it’s clear that America’s old solutions to its gun problem have not — and will not — work.

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